一种双S形二元排气系统红外特性的模型实验

通过模型实验测量了一种双S形二元(2-D)喷管排气系统壁面压力和温度分布,以及分别在侧向、下方和上方探测面上的红外辐射强度分布,并与基准轴对称排气系统作了对比分析。实验结果表明:双S形二元喷管排气系统在上方探测面上,红外辐射强度比较大,最大值出现在10°探测角；相比基准轴对称排气系统,双S形二元排气喷管系统红外辐射强度在0°探测角方位平均降低了75.5%,在侧向、下方及上方探测面上90°探测角方位分别降低了57.6%、50.9%和17.3%。      

Advanced analytical model for orbital aerodynamic prediction in LEO

The growing interest in low earth orbit (LEO) applications demands for accurate modeling of orbital aerodynamics. But classical analytical models of aerodynamic coefficients in free molecule flow, such as the Sentman’s model, Schamberg’s model and Schaaf-Chambre model, were built upon over simplistic gas-surface interaction models, which degrade the fidelity of aerodynamic prediction. This work presents a new analytical model of orbital aerodynamic coefficients based on the state-of-the-art Cercignani–Lampis–Lord (CLL) gas-surface interaction model, where lobular quasi-specular scattering pattern and separate accommodation degree for different velocity components can be well captured. A key component of the new model is a rigorous function approximation solution of the reflected normal momentum flux based on the CLL model which is derived for the first time and is validated within 1% for any hypothermal flow and surface accommodation conditions. Closed-form analytical solutions of aerodynamic coefficients for simple convex geometries are obtained and exhibit high accuracy (within 0.1%) in typical LEO scenarios. The new analytical model surpasses the classical models in some important aspects, such as overcoming the diffuse scattering hypothesis constraint, considering the variation of normal momentum exchange with the surface incidence angle and being applicable in any hypothermal flow situation. In virtue of the advanced CLL model and feasibility of coupling with the panel method technique, the new analytical model is promising to provide more accurate predictions on the orbital aerodynamic coefficients for LEO applications.     

基于双参数断裂准则的剩余强度预测

双参数断裂准则为一种估算结构剩余强度的简单方法,然而原始推导过程应用了一些假设。为了给出更严谨的证明,从Neuber公式出发严格推导双参数断裂准则公式。用试样的初始裂纹长度代替临界裂纹尺寸,以简化该准则。运用简化的双参数断裂准则估算M(T)、C(T)试样以及复杂结构(三孔拉伸试样)的剩余强度。结果表明:运用简化的双参数断裂准则估算M(T)、C(T)试样的剩余强度时,估算误差在7%以内;运用简化的双参数断裂准则估算复杂结构(三孔拉伸试样)的剩余强度时候,估算误差在5%,说明双参数断裂准则可以用于加筋壁板剩余强度的预测。     

两个设计点的螺旋桨气动性能

结合某垂直起降无人机对螺旋桨的总体设计要求，分析了同时满足两个设计点的螺旋桨设计难点，完成了对所设计螺旋桨性能要求的验证，探究了两个设计点对螺旋桨设计性能的影响及影响因素，获得对设计的指导性结论.通过CFX软件进行悬停和巡航状态下的数值计算，并与其车载试验结果进行对比，结果表明:设计螺旋桨可满足设计要求，且数值模拟与车载试验结果基本吻合，误差不超过11%.将设计螺旋桨与单个设计点的旋翼或巡航螺旋桨进行对比，分析影响因素，发现两个设计点将会降低螺旋桨在每个单独设计点的工作性能，且通过减小起飞总质量和巡航速度、增加动力系统个数和功率来缩小设计点间差异可降低设计难度和性能损失.      

含气率对液力透平影响的非定常分析

为了研究含气率对液力透平内部压力的影响，以比转速为84.5的单级单吸离心泵反转作液力透平并对其内部流场进行CFD瞬态数值模拟，获得了气体在液力透平内的分布规律以及气液两相介质下透平内部流场的压力脉动变化规律。结果表明:从蜗壳进口到叶轮出口,含气率逐渐增加，含气率等于0.2时蜗壳出口、叶轮进口气体的尾迹效应明显，分布不够均匀。叶轮出口有气体聚集现象，气体体积分数越高，聚集现象越明显。进口含气率对透平蜗壳、叶轮内各点的相对压力分布影响明显，各点的相对压力随着透平进口含气率增加而降低。含气率小于0.05时其对透平内各监测点的压力脉动主频幅值影响不大，含气率大于0.05后其对液力透平内各监测点的压力脉动主频幅值有影响，含气率越高，压力脉动主频幅值越小。不同含气率下液力透平蜗壳周向、径向以及叶轮内的压力脉动主频均等于叶轮叶片的转动频率。      

Multiscale Modelling of Aerospace Composites——A Perspective

This paper introduces a series of approaches in the modelling of composites with complex multiscale structures and features. Fundamental theory underlying multiscale structures are brought to light and discussed. There can be considerable benefit in the representative application of multiscale modelling techniques to civil aircraft design and this aim of this paper is to provide essential perspectives from several fields of research that may be beneficial to aerospace composites modelling methodologies if applied appropriately.     

短波红外全天时自主天文导航技术展望

基于2微米全天巡天（2MASS）短波红外巡天点源星表,分别从白天可探测恒星分布、天空背景辐射与大气传输、传感器性能和光学系统视场大小等方面,分析了短波红外波段相对于可见光波段,在大气层内白天观星实现全天时天文导航的优势,并展望了其发展方向。     

部件冷却对二元俯仰矢量排气系统红外特征抑制实验

实验测试了采用中心锥气膜冷却和喷管冲击-气膜冷却的二元俯仰（2D-CD）矢量排气系统，在几何偏转0，10，20°三种角度下，壁面温度和红外辐射特征分布，并与未冷却状态进行了对比分析。结果表明:前密后疏的气膜孔排布形式可有效减小热侧面高温区域大小。中心锥冷却时，密流比为0.8条件下壁面冷却效率达45%~63%，排气系统尾向±10°范围内红外辐射强度下降20%；但是由于冷气流注入，导致下游壁面（隔热屏、喷管）温度升高，在30°探测方向上红外辐射强度上升15%。喷管冷却时，收敛段（密流比为0.25）冷却效率达19%~33%，扩张段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达75.5%~83.5%，侧壁段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达78%~90%，导致在排气系统尾向15°~75°范围内，红外辐射强度下降30%以上，最大降幅达80%（几何偏转20°，宽边探测面30°探测方向）。